Regina Barzilay is in the business of patient future-telling. That is, using machine learning AI models to predict disease—including when and how it will strike, along with how it may behave. Barzilay began pursuing this after being diagnosed with breast cancer in 2014. As a patient, she experienced the frustrating uncertainty surrounding individual prognoses. Her questions about treatments were often answered in reference to what happened to the participants of clinical trials, but she felt those answers gave her little information about her individual situation.
As an AI researcher, she knew how to address that uncertainty. “To me it was quite clear,” she says, “That's what machine learning is about.” A decade later, the AI model she and her team built, named MIRAI, is able to detect a patient’s risk of developing breast cancer within five years. By 2025, MIRAI was validated by over 2 million mammograms in 48 hospitals across 22 countries.
And her future-telling continues. In 2024, Barzilay worked on an AI model that estimates the expected effectiveness of candidate flu vaccines by predicting which versions of the flu virus are likely to spread next season. She’s now working on using the same concept on cancer, in order to predict how patients—particularly with advanced cancers—will react to a specific treatment. “We are constantly running behind the disease,” she says. “The idea here is to be able to predict it.” Learn more
Could a misspelled word cause a medical crisis? Maybe, if your medical records are being analyzed by an artificial intelligence system. One little typo, or even the use of an unusual word, can cause a medical AI to conclude there’s nothing wrong with somebody who might actually be quite sick.
It’s a real danger, now that hospitals worldwide are deploying systems that use AI software like ChatGPT to assist in diagnosing illnesses. The potential benefits are huge; AIs can be excellent at spotting potential health problems that a human physician might miss.
But new research from Marzyeh Ghassemi, a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and principal investigator at MIT Jameel Clinic, also finds that these AI tools are often remarkably easy to mislead, in ways that could do serious harm. Learn more
Artificial intelligence has invented two new potential antibiotics that could kill drug-resistant gonorrhoea and MRSA, researchers have revealed.
The drugs were designed atom-by-atom by the AI and killed the superbugs in laboratory and animal tests.
The two compounds still need years of refinement and clinical trials before they could be prescribed.
But the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) team behind it say AI could start a "second golden age" in antibiotic discovery. Learn more
A team at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) used generative AI algorithms to design more than 36 million possible compounds.
They also seemed to work in a new way - by disrupting bacterial cell membranes.
Antibiotics kill bacteria, but some infections have become resistant to drugs.
It is estimated that drug-resistant bacterial infections cause nearly five million deaths per year worldwide.
Two compounds were found to be effective against gonorrhoea and MRSA infections - namely NG1 and DN1, respectively. Learn more
With help from artificial intelligence, MIT researchers have designed novel antibiotics that can combat two hard-to-treat infections: drug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae and multi-drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).
Using generative AI algorithms, the research team designed more than 36 million possible compounds and computationally screened them for antimicrobial properties. The top candidates they discovered are structurally distinct from any existing antibiotics, and they appear to work by novel mechanisms that disrupt bacterial cell membranes.
This approach allowed the researchers to generate and evaluate theoretical compounds that have never been seen before — a strategy that they now hope to apply to identify and design compounds with activity against other species of bacteria.
“We’re excited about the new possibilities that this project opens up for antibiotics development. Our work shows the power of AI from a drug design standpoint, and enables us to exploit much larger chemical spaces that were previously inaccessible,” says James Collins, the Termeer Professor of Medical Engineering and Science in MIT’s Institute for Medical Engineering and Science (IMES) and Department of Biological Engineering. Learn more
What challenges does health care still face when implementing AI?
The excitement of ambient scribes and AI chatbots has started to wear off, and health care is running out of quick wins as it looks to construct this "new world."
While AI promises efficiency, health systems will have to put in significant time to unlock its full benefits.
Beyond note-taking tools, there are "very little success stories" of clinically implemented AI, said Dr. Regina Barzilay, distinguished professor of AI & Health in the Department of Computer Science at MIT's School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and the AI Faculty Lead at MIT's Jameel Clinic.
She told Newsweek that there are abundant stories of new AI algorithms that show promising results but few that have actually proven themselves beyond mere promise. Learn more
